ʃʌparaj butterfly qanʌt wing suraʃmʌɣ to greet / ask permission qʊd qʊd qɛlmʌɣ to cry (bird) tʃundak beak wutʃmʌɣ to fly qʌtʃmʌɣ to escape bɛrtasɛ / dɛgasɛ one / the other qʊʃ bird kulgɛli funny kuldɛrmʌɣ to trick; also to make laugh? qulurdu military base xʊrus rooster tɛʃɣan mouse wuzanmʌɣ to rest zaŋ wurmʌɣ to call on the phone qɪʃ Winter kʊk green / blue kʊkarmʌɣ to sprout xajrʌt [meritorious act] nazr [meritorious act] sɛdaqa [meritorious act] jaŋʌɣ [or] jaŋgʌq walnut el people farz requirement ɪndɛ now dʒanda Nawruz pole wurmʌɣ to hit bʌʃlamʌɣ to begin kar deaf jebɛtmʌɣ to soak (something) deʃ serving dish dʒalɣʊza [pine nut thing] qatʃʌn what time? eʃʌn [Rawza caretakers] wugaj ʌna step-mother wugaj inʌɣ step-brother asli ʌna real-mother kundʌʃ sister-wife qaramʌɣ to look, to look after wʊtkarmʌɣ to carry on (figurative) suhulat fringe benefit ɛmtjʌz fringe benefit qawʊn honeydew melon qi dung qaljun hookah qaljunxʌna hookah parlor zʊɣʌl charcoal zarwarʌɣ aluminum foil tʃakmʌɣ puff otomʌt automatic tʌm room danda manual (transmission) nokakɛ hookah mouthpiece saqɛz gum majɛz raisins jʌnmʌɣ to burn jʌndɛrmʌɣ to set fire jʌqmʌɣ to set fire xʊdsus self-lighting (charcoal) alaw fire ɪslamʌɣ to smell (something) tambʌku tobacco taramʌɣ to comb (hair) tarʌɣ comb qʊrʊtmʌɣ to dry (something) qʊrʊɣ dry qajitʃɛlmʌɣ to use scissors qen difficult dʒɛdi ʌlmʌɣ to be serious xʌtɛra memory ɛʃtɛrʌk visit bʌqmʌɣ to provide kormʌɣ to see korsʌtmʌɣ to show to sarmʌɣ to wrap samʌnxʌna tool shed baɣlamʌɣ to fasten tartmʌɣ to pull sɪz without juk load simɪz fat arəɣ skinny simɪrmʌɣ to become strong nʌla qəlmʌɣ to complain juramʌɣ to go about jamʌn stern jega owner tʌʃamʌɣ to transport, to overflow utʃun because of kalta short wuzun far jʌʃ young [or] tear (from eye) ajlanmʌɣ to turn majlɛ please samʌrʊq mushroom qʌlmʌɣ to stay ikan too much kʊtarmʌɣ to pick up wulmʌɣ to die bərʌz small quantity juklamʌɣ to transport jul road wuzʌɣ far away woɣrɛ thief qɛta playing cards qɛta winamʌɣ to play cards sɪgrɛt tʃaqmʌɣ to smoke toɣrɛ qəlmʌɣ to aim teʃi hole teʃmʌɣ to make a hole hamʃundʌɣ in the same way qʊdʊɣ well (water) bərʌn waqt sometimes tuzatmʌɣ to fix tuzalmʌɣ to be fixed ʌtʃmʌɣ to open ʌtʃʌlmʌɣ to be able to open iʃlamʌɣ to work jaʃamʌɣ to live tʃʌpmʌɣ to run tʃartʃamʌɣ to be tired ketmʌɣ to go kelmʌɣ to come ʌlmʌɣ to take qʊjmʌɣ to place bermaɣ to give tʊrmʌɣ to stand wʊltarmʌɣ to sit jemʌɣ to eat tajlamʌɣ to pour wʊqamʌɣ to read wʊxlamʌɣ to sleep bɛtmʌɣ to write jʌzmʌɣ to write jʌpmʌɣ to close qabamʌɣ to close xʌlamʌɣ to want qəlmʌɣ to do qʊrqmʌɣ to fear qʊrqatmʌɣ to frighten jɪɣlamʌɣ to cry kulmʌɣ to laugh hajrʌn qʌlmʌɣ to become confused hajrʌn bulmʌɣ to become confused jʌɣmʌɣ to rain / snow winamʌɣ to play tuʃmʌɣ to fall / come down pas down itʃmʌɣ to drink jʌtmʌɣ to sleep gapərmʌɣ to talk gaplamʌɣ to talk bʊzak little goat tʌnamʌɣ to know tʌnɛlmʌɣ to be known ʃaɣʌl wolf tʃɛɣmʌɣ to go out tʃɛɣarmʌɣ to put out / to take off clothes kɛrmʌɣ to go in, to reach an age kɛrdɛrmʌɣ to put in kort qəlmʌɣ to swallow temɛrtʃɛ metalworker turpʌɣ dust jalɣʌn lie paxta cotton tʃajnamʌɣ to chew najza bow (& arrow) rama flock samʌn straw xɛʃt brick puflamʌɣ to blow kimʌɣ to wear ʌftʌba aftab sɪlʌbtʃɛn basin for ewer qarn stomach bʌʃ head arɛɣ jui ʌɣɛr heavy naj reed lʌj mud pɛʃɛrmʌɣ to cook jɪqɛtmʌɣ to topple jɪqɛlmʌɣ to fall down jʌ(ɣ)mər rain qʌr snow uruʃ war ʌt name, horse zun zone ʃuntʃa enough istamʌɣ to want alma apple mʌlta orange kela banana katʃʌlu potato pijʌz onion zardʒʊma carrot qʊj sheep qɛr-ga where jɛr husband jirkaj man xʌtʊn woman wʊgəl boy qɛz girl jena again tɛʃ tooth, dream temər metal kʊp much iʃtʌn pants kʊlaj clothing / shirt juz face jeŋ(g)ɪl light (weight) bɪlmʌɣ to understand tʊʃmʌɣ to understand rɪʃxanli qəlmʌɣ to trick jirtɛlmʌɣ to be torn jirtmʌɣ to tear bukmʌɣ to jump bʌsmʌɣ to step on / walk on, to press down dʒaɣal gravel bɪldɪŋ building wuz [reflexive] jɛtɛʃmʌɣ to arrive / reach bʌrmʌɣ to come tʌxtamʌɣ to stop jeʃtmʌɣ to listen mɛnmʌɣ to mount (horse, car) ʌɣ(ə)rmʌɣ to hurt ɛnfɛdʒʌr explosion zɛlzɛla earthquake juŋg fur qɛmɛlamʌɣ to shake hɛqal(d)amʌɣ to hiccup suramʌɣ to ask tepmʌɣ to kick taʃxara outside wʊrʊʃmʌɣ to fight tajʌɣ staff lawha sign hajdamʌɣ to drive (car, bike, animals) jetɛrmʌɣ to lose (something) gʊm qəlmʌɣ / bulmʌɣ to lose (something) tʃɪtaj little wʊtmʌɣ to pass wintʃʌɣ toy qartʃʌɣ toy titopit qəlmʌɣ to scatter ʌxtarmʌɣ to search tʌpmʌɣ to find qʊtlɛ bʊsən congratulations! mʊbarak bʊsən congratulations! mʊraj bʊsən congratulations! dam in front ɛldajn in front taqib qəlmʌɣ to follow qʌlɛn rug tʌqmʌɣ to place jewlery or tie a tie tʊqamʌɣ to tie (also a rug) qars women's veil qazʌn pot tabʌɣ dish kɪʃgɛna small jʊqʌr above kɪsa pocket qɛzgɪna little girl uʃlamʌɣ to hold on qɛʃ qɛrmʌɣ to call zaxmɛ wound aka address to older person uka address to younger person tawʊɣ chicken tʌjfa tribe qabila tribe pʌdʃʌli monarchy qʊʃmʌɣ to stir, to gather qʊʃɛlmʌɣ to be stirred, to be gathered gʊldʊzli qəlmʌɣ to embroider bʊɣdʌj wheat dʒʊja garden bed tʌk grapevine pʌja leg (of a structure) qalam qəlmʌɣ to prune jekmʌɣ to plant pik shade-structure kuza piggy bank (also pitcher) ˈdaxɛl moneybox tʌktʃa shelf embedded in wall sʌjawʌn shade-structure rusi tree that doesn't give fruit tarnaw gutter on a house tarpʌl tarpaulin deʃ (ʌntan) (satellite) dish didʒitʌl (satellite) dish sɛmɛt concrete kʊnkrit concrete tʌŋkar tank zaxira tank qʊduɣ well (water) tʊrpʌɣ soil piknik gas tank kulaŋg pickaxe bel shovel ajntʃʌdar corrugated metal qɛp funnel tʊp innertube (of a tire) malʌka small window tarʌzɛ scale (tool) tarʌzɛ-nɛ palas-ɛ pan of the scale kʌgɛl wattle (waddle?) ɣaltaj wheelbarrow bujra reed mat ˈqamɛʃ reed sɛm wire jup rope, string, thread julduz star sadʒda qəlmʌɣ to worship/venerate fʌl active saqlamʌɣ to watch over, to save (something for someone) qujbarmʌɣ to release bʌʃqa [or] bʌʃɣa other qʌltimʌɣ to touch edʌm bulmʌɣ to be hung (i.e., execution) jʌd qəlmʌɣ to remember xʊʃa stalk of grain tabir qəlmʌɣ to interpret xazanadʌr banker/steward ɣala seed [or] egg dʒʌm bowl qʊtʃʌɣ ʌlmʌɣ to embrace jʌtlamʌɣ to memorize, recollect jʌt qəlmʌɣ to memorize, recollect surtmʌɣ to wipe/apply cream is smell [or] memory ʌj month [or] moon ajlantɛrmʌɣ to turn (trans.) peʃband smock keʃ late (a person or a time) akt qəlmʌɣ to act tɛqmʌɣ to plug in kal bald tʊɣɛlmʌɣ to be born pʊla time mʌʃinʌlʌt machinery pʊrzadʒʌt tool qɛraqam what kind (?) neraqam what kind (?) dʒahil remote place tasma engine belt qʊmʌr winamʌɣ to gamble tʃebara great-grandchild dʒɛnʌza (wʊqamʌɣ) burial service qareh old kʊmmʌɣ to bury qʌri mullah ʌjat verse of the Qur'an ʌjʌt verses of the Qur'an tʌhʌrat qəlmʌɣ ceremonial washing manaj chin tʌbut funeral bier kʊrpatʃa toshak tʊʃaj toshak qabrkan gravedigger qʌzikʌn gravedigger qaratmʌɣ to make look (toward) tɛrmʌɣ (1) to stack, (2) to pick fruit mawlawi mullah xatɛm prayer service dʒanat heaven/paradise dʊzax hell dʒahanam hell tərɛlmʌɣ to come to life jʌtgan fallen asleep (dead person) sawʌb religious merit wuləm death qazija incident hʌdɛsa accident gʊnʌjɛ kabira big sin gʊnʌjɛ saɣira small sin ketərmʌɣ to bring dajk loudspeaker sʌz song kesmʌɣ to cut dap tambourine mast lively tutmʌɣ to hold on sʌz o sʊrut sound of a party nasijat encouragement dʊl drum surnaj flute tʃʌlmʌɣ to play an instrument ajirmʌɣ to separate (trans.) asnʌt certificate qawʌla property title zamʌnat loan security tʃaga sand qawlamʌɣ to chase uʃ-ga kelmʌɣ to wake up timʌɣ to hit/run into/touch ʊʃpɛlʌq qəlmʌɣ to whistle kʌb plate jeltmʌɣ to win a game takar qəlmʌɣ to collide sepmʌɣ to sprinkle/scatter tʃɪptɛrmʌɣ to throw terlamʌɣ to sweat nʌla complaint (about pain) ʃɛkʌjat complaint (about, e.g., work) qʌqmʌɣ to dust off, to shake something surmʌɣ to push andal steering wheel jeŋg sleeve jebarmʌɣ to send kaʃmakaʃ fighting tawhid monotheism tʃaqɛrmʌɣ to invite qʊrakaʃli to draw lots qʊra lot (e.g., in drawing lots) jetɛʃtɛrmʌɣ to deliver tanafʊs qəlmʌɣ to breathe dʒal net ʃɛkʌrtʃɛ hunter qɛrqmʌɣ to cut jaka alone ɛtɛfʌq incident (as in Dari), also unity ikalantʃɛ lʊɣat disparaging/impolite term (lit. second word) lʌf wurmʌɣ to boast kʊrɛlmʌɣ to be seen bʌj bɛrmʌɣ to lose a race bara goat-kid wʊdʒaj calf nar male mʌda female kura donkey-colt tajlʌq camel-calf teba camel inamʌɣ to annoy, attack qajtmʌɣ to leave futsʌl football field beʃi tuj feast for a toddler kamɛramajnli qəlmʌɣ to be a cameraman alɣʌntʃaj crib alqa necklace juzi ring tajp radio / cassette player tʃapaj qəlmʌɣ to clap tʃapaj tʃʌlmʌɣ to clap tʊlmʌɣ to fill (intrans.), also to sprout, flower tʊldarmʌɣ to fill (trans.) neʃa qəlmʌɣ to influence (?) tʌbliɣ qəlmʌɣ to preach/promote/evangelize tawiz Qur'anic charm tʊmʌr Qur'anic charm dʒʌhɛl ignorant nʌdʌn ignorant bʌla child (less than about 8 years old) sʊzlamʌɣ to talk sʊz [or] sʊzlam sentence rawʌdʒlantɛrmʌɣ to develop a custom (only used in the infinitive?) ʊqətutʃɛ teacher sawija level (abstract) jaraʃa amount (abstract; used with money or knowledge) ʊqutʃɛ student (all levels) wiɣʌnmʌɣ to get up (from bed) sʊŋg after (lit.) ʌjla household hamda also daftar notebook [or] office ʃʊgʊn [or] ʃʊkun today dɛr to be (present tense, uninflected) tʃɪzmʌɣ to draw kerak [or] keraj necessary (adj.) asramʌɣ to look after, to protect tɪlki [or] tʊlki fox hɛkʌja story tʃɛrʌjli pretty sɛnfdʌʃ classmate ʌjri-ʌjri taking turns (adv.) bulmʌɣ to cut, separate ʌqʃamʌɣ to be like bɛrʌr a little, a few times ʊjlamʌɣ to think, to reflect ʌqɛbat result, end situation sɪnaʃ [or] sinaʃ [or] sinaw test, exam hajt Eid tʊɣrɛ correctly turli [or] turli-turli [or] tʊrlitʃa various bulut cloud bʊri carnivorous fox-like animal arpa animal feed xel kind, type, group/flock jʌrdam help dʒʊdʒa chick dʌn seed, chicken feed ([dʌna]) tʃumtʃʊq kind of small bird qalderɣʌtʃ kind of medium-sized bird sɪtʃɣʌn mouse jirtalab every morning ketʃalab every evening damlamʌɣ to steep tea tʃʊmɛrmʌɣ to submerge tʃʊmɛlmʌɣ to swim, be submerged xɛrman wheat stack jantʃmʌɣ to thresh jantʃɛlmʌɣ to be threshed haq-e-da [or] haq-e-ga about qɪsqa a little qʊzɛ lamb dala desert plain jam-jaʃil verdant paʃa flea kʊpajmʌɣ to increase, to swarm dɛqʌntʃɛlik farming zawq desire, taste (e.g., in clothes) ʃawq desire, wish etmʌɣ to do (more formal than [qəlmʌɣ] hʊrmat etmʌɣ to show respect ʊrmʌn jungle ʃarʃara flowing water, sound of flowing water ʌqmʌɣ to flow ɣʊra small fruit eaten unripe ʌtalarsʊzi wise saying of the past ʌz-ʌz bit by bit tʌmtʃɛ a drip tʌmmʌɣ to drip jeɣɛlmʌɣ to be gathered ʊtʃɛraʃmʌɣ to visit with a person ([bɛlan]) mazʌr-ɛ saxi Mazar-e Sharif qʊrmʌɣ to build qʌʃ eyebrow ara span of time ([-dɛ ara-sɛ ga]) tʊʃʊntɛrmʌɣ to explain sʌɣalmʌɣ to get better jasamʌɣ to make, to spread naan dough xatʌt handwriting nazm method kiʃ person, individual ke on (time preposition) beritʃɛ [or] berikʌn giver dʒʊda much qɛzɛqarli interesting barmʌq finger tɛrnʌq [or] tɛnʌq fingernail qapʌɣ lid ʊlka homecountry gʊllamʌɣ to blossom (also to sprout) raŋg-ma-raŋg every color tʊrlitʊman every kind, every shape lablabu sugar beet bʌmja okra kʊkɛt greens ɛmʌrat building un ten ʊn flour tegɛrmʌn mill ʌtʃɪmʌɣ to rise (of bread) tandər tandoor tʊn tonne jʌʊ enemy tʃʌrwadʌrtʃɛli animal husbandry qomʌɣ to drive (animals) qawɣa well bucket badʒarmʌɣ to perform bartʃa everything, everyone jʌz Summer kʊz Fall/Autumn jʌkɪmli salubrious tʊkɛlmʌɣ to fall hɛmat zeal, ardour, jealousy qɛrʌat qəlmʌɣ to recite (only for the Qur'an) dɪklama qəlmʌɣ to recite (poetry) qʊlʌq qəlmʌɣ to pay attention barʌat justification, proof of innocence islatmʌɣ to remind haʃar volunteer work group bʌrzʌ, rɛzʌ voluntary maqʌla saying belbʌɣ belt jigɪt younger man (less than 40) ʌzgina little dʌjɛm always sʌn number jaratgan has created (always perfect?) qujʌʃ sky, sun maxluqʌt all seen things jange new, fresh tamʌni-dan from [a sender] sʊngi last, final ʊmat follower tawlanmʌɣ to flutter, turn ʃʌn boast jaʃɛl green kʊŋgɛl heart susamʌɣ to be thirsty sʌɣli(k) wellness (health) sʊngra then kim clothing kɪm who sʊrʌq question latifa story, joke haris hungry (poor) qapqʌn trap (for animals) ʌwtʃɛ hunter jenaqɛ other (place) postɪn fur coat tikutʃɛ [or] tikikʌn sewer (one who sews) mʊfasal simple, condensed bʊʃ empty berlik until, as far as ara-se-da (-ga) about, amongst, between buzmʌɣ to ruin buzɛlmʌɣ to be ruined nafʌq fighting kʊklam Spring dam ʌlmʌɣ to take a break sanamʌɣ to count qʊrt worm bergalaʃəp all together qɪzɪq interesting qʌbɛla midwife qʌbɛlali midwifery taʃqar-(ga/da) outside ɪʃqar-(ga/da) inside tɪkmʌɣ to sew bəlʌk building (block) (h)ʌzri ʌlmʌɣ to take attendance sʌtʃma shrapnel, ball bearings jʌrɛlmʌɣ to explode bandaʃ bandage ajirɛlmʌɣ to separate (intrans.) bajt title of a work, line of verse tʃʌɣ time tɪlamʌɣ to want tʊʃʊnmʌɣ to understand ajrəm-ajrəm one-by-one tuzi correct wi tʌpʃiraɣi homework tʌwuʃ voice, sound adʌ qəlmʌɣ to do, to tell, to perform hɛdʒʌ sound, pronunciation qɪzɪqtɛrmʌɣ to interest someone (in something) anɪqlab clearly pʌband reliable asbʌb items qarɛndʌʃ relative (affine or consanguine) dʒʊnamʌɣ to go bʌtmʌɣ to set (of the sun) wʊrʊn place, seat adlija justice (e.g., Ministry of Justice) qʊlʌq sʌlmʌɣ to listen tʊplab gathered together (lit. become large?) wasfi-da [or] wasfi-ga about, concerning tabʌʃɛr chalk tʃut calculator tʌpʃɛrmʌɣ to turn in raŋga varied colors gʊzal beautiful tʌɣ mountain maqtamʌɣ to promote (something) sʊtun pillar taʔadʌb pillar farz qəlmʌɣ to require nijat qəlmʌɣ to intend rʊza tutmʌɣ to fast mahnat trouble (zahmat) jaxʃamʌɣ to be good tazʌɣrʌt qəlmʌɣ to campaign mʊbʌrɛza struggle mahkama place dʒuld skin wʊlkadʌʃ patriot martaba time, occasion destadʒami collection, mass mʊlki civilian xajxʌ good person sʌranwʌl prosecutor bulak-bulak bit by bit salʌlʌhɛ wʌlɛhɛ wasalʌm peace be upon him (for the prophet of Islam) wilanmʌɣ to marry ([bɛlan]) wʌfat qəlmʌɣ to die razijalʌtʌlʌanhu honorific for a prophet (the prophet's wife) sʌdʌt clan or group of people rɛhlat qəlmʌɣ to die (used for prophets, perhaps also for other respected people) laqab nickname teŋdʌʃ friend itʃkujar compassion jurak heart satr a line of text tanlamʌɣ to choose aɣʌtʃ, jʌɣʌtʃ tree (also grape vine) qʊnmʌɣ to land (of birds) kek deer qunʌq calm ajriki [or] ajratɪn special, specific ʌltɪn gold ʊgit encouragement, exhoration pand encouragement, exhoration jurt watan jɛrmʌɣ to melt bɪtmʌɣ to come to an end bɪtɛrmʌɣ to finish (something) ʌpʌq white mardʒʌn precious thing (in Dari, coral) ʃɪldɛrmʌɣ to drip mɪrɛlmʌɣ to twinkle murtʃa ant jaraʃmʌɣ to compete sajramʌɣ to chirp sʌtʃmʌɣ to shine (of the sun), to sprinkle or shower ɣʊntʃa flower bud qɪzɪltʃa sour cherry (ʌlubalu) nʌʃputi pear dʒɪgda sɛndʒɛd ɣura sour green fruit kʊksʊltʌn sour green fruit qarʌlu black cherry sarɣʌlu yellow cherry sarəɣ yellow ɛrik apricot tʌmʌn direction majsa grass (shorter) jʌqasi-(ga/da) next to pal garden bed sɛfa outdoor sofa (raised earthern platform) tegragi-(ga/da) around, surrouding jɛʃkɛ goat jɛnaj cow quj sheep ʊɣlʌq goat-kid ɛflʌs dirty hʌwdʒ handful jurak-[POSS] kʊjmʌɣ to become sad kujmʌɣ to burn sɪpɛrmʌɣ to clean jɪɣmʌɣ to gather jɪɣɛlmʌɣ to be gathered sɪpɛradikʌn cleaner tajrɛlmʌɣ to slip tʃɪqɛndɛ extra thing, useless thing jaʃaʃ living (formal infinitive of [jaʃmʌɣ]? jetkɛrmʌɣ [or] jetkɪzmʌɣ to deliver quwʌnmʌɣ to boast jalɣəz only, just wʊtlamʌɣ to graze wʊsmʌɣ to grow wʊsɪmli(k) growing thing arzʌntʃɛlik a year with low expenses arsalʌn lion qaplʌn tiger ajɛ bear tawʃqʌn rabbit jawʌji [or] jʌwu wild ʊkiz yak qʊtʃqʌr long-horned goat sʊrʌɣ question tɪnɪq clear xɛt muddy, turbid ʌldɛ-ga (-da) close qʌldɪq fallen et flesh dʒʌjlamʌɣ to put in bʊlʌq spring (of water) eŋg plenty hɛsʌblanmʌɣ to be counted qainamʌɣ to boil (intrans.) qainatmʌɣ to boil (trans.) jararli beneficial jawɣ close makʌn toilet place (?) hamʌm hamam (bathing) jumurtiqa egg (of a bird) jerkak man (jerkaj) wʊrɣʌtʃɛ female wʊzgarmʌɣ to change into (with -ga) ken then qʌbuɣ shell (egg, nut) jʌrmʌɣ to explode (trans.) asta-sekin slowly, slowly wʊləɣmʌɣ to get bigger timɛr strong pat bird's down par feather kutʃ strength jʌla branch epak silk matʌ fabric dawʌm etmʌɣ to continue tʌla relationship pupalak, pupanak cocoon ʊrʊɣmʌɣ to mate mata fabric jemak food japrʌɣ leaf ɣʊza round jaʃɛnmʌɣ to hide (oneself) jaʃɛntɛrmʌɣ to hide (something) ilgitʃ spinning wheel jegarmʌɣ to spin (thread) bʊjamʌɣ to paint, to dye kul ash qʊm large jar for manufacturing dairy products, butter churn (?) ʌsmʌɣ to hang (something) tʃɛlik spindle juqa narrow, thin (not of people) jumʃʌq soft tʃumʌli ant kʊl pond [6/24/2015: uncertain] harqantʃa as much as tʊpɪnmʌɣ to try [takes embedded clause with a subjunctive] ujʌq-bujʌq this way, that way suzmʌɣ to move about qʊtɛlmʌɣ to be saved qʊtɛrmʌɣ to save (someone) qunʌq enthusiasm, friend mergan hunter ʌtmʌɣ to fire, shoot wʌq bullet tʃʌqmʌɣ to bite (only for animals) qaltɛrdamʌɣ to shiver, tremble tabib traditional healer qatɛɣ yogurt [or] hard kʊrʊʃmʌɣ to visit ʌldɛnɛ ʌlmʌɣ to prevent xatʃir mule kemɛ boat qentʃɛlik difficulty (or with [bɛlan]) wʊtʃramʌɣ to meet, encounter qʊlaj easy qurɛlmʌɣ to be made denɪz, deŋgɪz river tʃet unknown, remote, other tintʃɛlik peace bɪlɪmdʌn wise person bɪlɪm learning asri new ʃun-da (-ga) here ɛxtɛrʌ invention ʊpka kidney tʌmar vein julʊqmʌɣ to be afflicted with mʊbtadʌ subject (subject to?) jɪlɪɣmʌɣ to change sɪl arɛɣ very ill tʃʊrimʌɣ to rot masakrʌt mind-influencing substance (alcohol, tobacco, drugs) pajt time tutun smoke tʃunta box, case jezmʌɣ to tear up bʌl honey hajd smell sezmʌɣ to smell tuzʌɣ trap qajta-qajta over and over tʌtmʌɣ to taste, to sample jʌqɛmli beneficial, interesting ʃira stickiness mʊsibat difficulty, affliction balʌ difficult bʌr all azʌb difficulty qawʊʃtɛrmʌɣ to be faced with (a situation), to join (hands) tasdiq qəlmʌɣ to support, acknowledge qʊllamʌɣ to protect, support qʊwatlamʌɣ to support, strengthen bʌjlik wealthy (of a country) sarf qəlmʌɣ to spend bujruq command X-ga kʊra with respect to mʊmɛn faithful Muslim mʊʔazɛma holy (used to describe Mecca) mʊnawara holy (used to describe Medina) jʊldʌʃ friend, companion ʌʃɛrmʌɣ to perform, implement kutʃlamʌɣ to strengthen jajramʌɣ to spread (good or bad) fɛtna wa fɛsad corruption tarqatmʌɣ to finish, to leave tʃɪgɛra surrounding jʌjmʌɣ to spread inatɛlmʌɣ to try, attempt wʊrtʌq friend wʊtkazmʌɣ to pass (e.g., on a street) nemat blessing ʊlʊɣ great unɪtmʌɣ to forget tugatmʌɣ to finish kɛlime tajba profession of faith bɛnʌ pillar barɛk alʌ great job! tʃin kuŋgɛl-dan from the heart (e.g., heartfelt) dʒawlʌn happy, beautiful salqɛn moderate air temperature ɛrkɪn early awtʃɛ hunter sɪzgir clever, intelligent jʊlʊqmʌɣ to be afflicted mʊbtalʌ bʊlmʌɣ to be afflicted jugurmʌɣ to run ɣʌjp bʊlmʌɣ to disappear enmʌɣ to come down, get down from buj-ga next to, close to (without -de/-ne) buʃatmʌɣ to release qʊtqʌrmʌɣ to save qʊwʌnmʌɣ to rejoice aldanmʌɣ to be cheated aldamʌɣ, aldatmʌɣ to cheat someone ahq qəlmʌɣ to promise manzara a pleasant sight sap-sarɛɣ bright yellow ʌzuqa winter stores kelidʒak future paxʌl dry fodder ismʌɣ to feel tʃaka direction, group of people (?) jutal cough jutalmʌɣ to cough sʌtʃɪq hand towel artmʌɣ to wipe off sʊz bermʌɣ to promise nɛhʌl tree mɛhnat tʃɪkmʌɣ to take trouble jaʃnap turmʌɣ to flourish (people or plants) bɪŋbɪŋlab murmuring sound (not always negative) ser large bun-dan bujʌn after this ʊmed ʊzɪlmʌɣ to lose hope bʌlʌr roof rafter gʊmbaz domed roof ʊɣlʌq buzkashi tantanali enthusiastic, or traditional ajnɛqsa especially, particularly sajis horse caretaker dʒar, dʒur buzkashi field qadmʌɣ to stick something in the ground taqim group hakam referee adʌɣ end jutmʌɣ to win (related to [jeltmʌɣ]) manatdʌr grateful memʌr builder ʌhak unslaked lime drezar, trezar window bʊjʌq, bʊja paint qɪzmʌɣ to heat (something) tʃɪdamʌɣ to be patient, to endure istagi wish, desire sahʌba companion of the Prophet qʊʃun soldier (archaic?) jʌq direction ([taraf]) qultəm a swallow (of liquid) ketʃmʌɣ to come up, to appear mɛʃɛnɛ water container (archaic) jawɣlamʌɣ to come closer kʊrkamlik beautiful ʌzajtɛrmʌɣ to reduce ʃu kabi in this way gʌz gas tʃaŋg animal's claw, dust storm ajamʌɣ to watch over kumər charcoal hawfli dangerous tugamʌɣ to finish (intrans.) darak informative (e.g., informative sentence) bɪlgɛ information handasa engineering mʊsalas triangle utʃburtʃ(ak) triangle pɛʃɪɣ cooked/paved ([pʊxta]) qatnamʌɣ to come and go kʊpintʃa often bahra benefit se partʃa school transfer form dawʌm continuation tʃaqɛrɪq invitation qawʊntʃɛlik happiness qajɣu sorrow mʌtam sorrow ɛlgar-ɛ dan from the beginning arqali by means of (postposition) azʌdʌr mourning qʊwʌntʃ happy qʊtlamʌɣ to congratulate tadʒlil qəlmʌɣ to congratulate qʊtlawi congratulatory kʊpajtɛrmʌɣ to increase bajram Eid jaratɛlgan created qʊwʌntɛrmʌɣ to make happy win tamʌʃʌ spectator qatnaʃmʌɣ to relax, enjoy oneself ekɪnzʌr field sɛwʊmli adorable xʊrsand happy qajtɛrmʌɣ to give change jaŋlaʃmʌɣ to make a mistake sɪlamʌɣ to pet, stroke beʃik wooden cradle jeʃtɛlar-jeʃtɛlmas barely audible dʒahʌlat ignorance ʃʌʃmʌɣ to be suprised, confused dʒuda much tʃekmʌɣ to go through, experience rɛsʌla story, essay rijʌzijʌt mathematics nʊdʒum astronomy dʌru medicine jumʌɣ to wash julmʌɣ to pluck arʌba man-drawn cart qenalmʌɣ to be in pain kelɛgu future turi kind, type berqantʃa a few ʃʊɣɛltʃɛ worker qarɛʃ distance from thumb to pinky on an outstretched hand teb lower portion of a tree's trunk jumʃatmʌɣ to soften suɣarmʌɣ to irrigate harʌrat sun's heat ʌɣfarmʌɣ to plough qʊʃ ajdamʌɣ to drive animals tʃʌl old (people, animals) keksa old (people, animals) sarli pre-fasting meal tarawi prayer sɪpʌra portion of the Qur'an salqɪnlatmʌɣ to make moderate qʊrʊqlik heat sʊlam moist, humid pʌda yak pʌdatʃɛ yak caretaker tʊjmʌɣ to be satiated jelaw pasture wʊlatmʌɣ to graze sɪnmʌɣ to break (intrans.) sɪndɛrmʌɣ to break (trans.) sujak bone qɪmɛrmʌɣ to work ʌʃmʌɣ to pass sez sound kamtʃɛlik lacking, inadequate, poor bujuq command sɛɣɛr bovine animal sʌɣmʌɣ to milk bujurmʌɣ to command sɪqɪlmʌɣ to be distressed xɪmtʃa stick jeŋɪlmʌɣ, jeŋmʌɣ to succeed aŋlamʌɣ to understand alqamʌɣ, alqɪʃlamʌɣ to applaud taprʌɣ backpack tabʌʃir chalk nʌʃtʌ breakfast sʌlmʌɣ to place into undaw bɪlgi exclamation point surʌg bɪlgi question mark tʊxtʌw bɪlgi comma kɛbr pride (negative) ezi-ga behind ɛspɛlʌɣ spinach muli radish pamadər tomato fʌsulja green beans tarʌji long white radish ʃalɣam turnip ʌbi irrigated dajma unirrigated (rainfed) katak chicken coop kurk being in heat (only of chickens) tagi-ga under (literary form of [taj-ga]) xat jʌzutʃɛ letter-writer (job) ku (some kind of discourse marker, also in Dari) afsus pain zinat personal indicator (Dari: ornament) zarwar jewelry kʊlʌl potter (also, maker of tandoors) tintʃ peace kʊp-dan kʊp more and more, over and over damrʌst rested jaralanmʌɣ to be injured jaralantɛrmʌɣ to injure qarʃ-əm-(da/ga) in front of me (also with other personal markers) dʊtʃ kelmʌɣ to come across arka (lit. arkaŋ) behind katʃal person missing a leg butun all, every ʊluj dead person wʊzɛlmʌɣ to be stretched out iskamʌɣ to sniff qʊrqʌɣ coward nɛfʌq disunity qatɪɣ fight nʌs naswar (tobacco product) tʃɛlɛm bong (reported for tobacco) tawsija qəlmʌɣ to prescribe (what doctors do) ʌrtɪq more qʊʃɪmtʃɛ gathered together kʌn mine (for minerals, etc.) sewamʌɣ to value (mostly people, animals) jeʃtɛrmʌɣ to say (to make hear!) wʊpmʌɣ to kiss tan bermʌɣ to give a turn kʊz-ga tutmʌɣ to keep in mind kengaʃmʌɣ (1) to compete with, (2) to remember ʌrtɛrmʌɣ to increase esʌn bounty, grace amʌn bounty, grace ʌlʌtʌlʌ Allah (+honorific?) mazʌh joke X-ga bʌɣliq to belong to X, to have to do with X bulɪʃtɛrmʌɣ to divide up kʌwlamʌɣ to dig, to pick one's teeth kata big ʃawqɛn/ʃawqɛm sʌlmʌɣ to shout, yell marta occasion (martaba) tʃidan really, actually dʌja wet-nurse qɪzɪqmʌɣ to be interesting sajlamʌɣ to choose qarʃmʌɣ to object, be opposed to nʌsʌz bʊlmʌɣ to fight mul abundant kutʃmantʃɛ migratory sarɪʃta qəlmʌɣ to store muzlamʌɣ to freeze jaxmʌlak slippery maʔbus bʊlmʌɣ to become ɣazʌ fight ʌtʃlik hunger anana (pl. ananʌt) tradition ʊʃbu ʃu xɛlʌfat caliphate tun daily life (rʊzɛgar) gezmʌg to wander around mʊʃaraf bʊlmʌɣ to accept (a religion) faxrlanmʌɣ to boast mʊnʌfɛq bad person mʊtaxasɛs learned ʃʊɣɛlanmʌɣ to be occupied qʊʃnɛ neighbor ɛqlim climate fʌrəm beneficial, interesting ʌstadaki underground (adj.) tajdaki underground (adj.) fani important (from Dari, technical?) ʊnɛmli important zamarʊd emerald jʌqud(t) ruby lal garnet tuz salt qɛʃʌqlik poverty juksalmʌɣ to get higher hatmi certain digan called (di-gan) wʊstɛrmʌɣ to make grow (only for plants) ezgu good, beneficial awajlanmʌɣ to arrange nega why/because asr period, era bahʌdɛr courageous, brave delɛr courageous, brave ʃʊdʒʌ courageous, brave ken esa later manfɛati beneficial xajrira bɛnʌ public buildings, gifts to society kʊz jumʌɣ to die (to wash one's eyes) manzur wa mansur literary works ɛmlʌ writing ɛnʃʌ reading qɪlɪq movement ɣam-qajɣu sorrow dʒʊʃqɪn zeal, ardour tʊjɣu feeling wiɣatmʌɣ to make think, to stir up feelings qʌfija rhyme zʌmɛn security dʌnak pit (of a fruit) ɪgna needle wʊtgɛr sharp ɛfʌdalamʌɣ to say, explain kenki following sʌraki following kʊrsatutʃɛ indicator tɛŋgri tʌla God maʃqat difficulty jɛrɛʃmʌɣ to reach ʊmr buji to the end of life ʊtʃramʌɣ to be faced with tʌpʃɪrəɣ admonition mʊʃʌba similar, alike ʃakldʌʃ homophone (or more generally: identical?) ikala both (ikawɛ) bʌlta axe pʌrtlʌutʃɛ bomb pʌtlʌutʃɛ mʌda explosive materials pʌrtlamʌɣ to explode hajbat awe, dread, solemnity (Dari) wʊtʊn firewood, firestuff qamʌq jail